Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and

a) Separation point variation during a pulsatile cycle for Re = 10 for

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3D CFD study of hydrodynamics and mass transfer phenomena for spiral wound membrane submerged-type feed spacer with different node geometries and sizes - ScienceDirect

PDF) Pressure drop increase by biofilm accumulation in spiral wound RO and NF membrane systems: role of substrate concentration, flow velocity, substrate load and flow direction

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The potentials of 3D-printed feed spacers in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes - ScienceDirect

Membranes, Free Full-Text

CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model setting.

Roles and performance enhancement of feed spacer in spiral wound membrane modules for water treatment: A 20-year review on research evolvement - ScienceDirect

Frontiers Clinical Autopsy of a Reverse Osmosis Membrane Module

The potentials of 3D-printed feed spacers in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes - ScienceDirect

The potentials of 3D-printed feed spacers in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes - ScienceDirect